|q⟩ Bad Qubits

intermediate · Physics · Addition of Angular Momenta

Checkpoint: Add Two Spins

What this checkpoint tests

You have now seen the complete picture for adding two spin-12\tfrac12 particles: the uncoupled and coupled bases, the total-spin operator S2\mathbf{S}^2, the singlet–triplet split, the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, the triangle rule, and the exchange symmetry. This checkpoint asks you to build a coupled state explicitly and confirm it on the simulator.

The target state

The middle member of the triplet is the symmetric, maximally entangled combination

1,0=12( ⁣+ ⁣)=12(01+10).|1, 0\rangle = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\big(|\!\uparrow\downarrow\rangle + |\!\downarrow\uparrow\rangle\big) = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\big(|01\rangle + |10\rangle\big).

It has total spin s=1s = 1 and projection m=0m = 0. Contrast it with the singlet 0,0=12(0110)|0,0\rangle = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(|01\rangle - |10\rangle), which differs only by the sign of the second term — symmetric versus antisymmetric exchange.

A recipe to recall

A clean way to reach 1,0|1,0\rangle from 00|00\rangle:

  1. HH on qubit 0 to make 12(00+10)\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(|00\rangle + |10\rangle).
  2. XX on qubit 1 to reach 12(01+11)\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(|01\rangle + |11\rangle).
  3. CX(0,1)\mathrm{CX}(0,1) to convert the 11|11\rangle term into 10|10\rangle, giving the triplet.

If you instead wanted the singlet, you would insert a ZZ on qubit 0 after step 1 to flip the relative sign — a one-gate difference that encodes the whole symmetry distinction.

Try it

Build the triplet state 1,0=12(01+10)|1,0\rangle = \tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(|01\rangle + |10\rangle) as a two-qubit statevector and press Check.

Run your code to see the quantum state.

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