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Multiple choice
An observable AA with eigenvalues +1+1 and −1-1 is measured: +1+1 occurs with probability 3/43/4 and −1-1 with probability 1/41/4. Find the standard deviation ΔA=⟨A2⟩−⟨A⟩2\Delta A = \sqrt{\langle A^2\rangle - \langle A\rangle^2}.